Tithi

The astronomical basis of the Hindu lunar day

In Vedic timekeeping, a tithi is a "duration of two faces of moon that is observed from earth", known as milа̄lyа̄ (Newar: 𑐩𑐶𑐮𑐵𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑑅, मिलाल्याः) in Nepal Bhasa,^[1] or the time it takes for the longitudinal angle between the Moon and the Sun to increase by 12°. In other words, a tithi is a time duration between the consecutive epochs that correspond to when the longitudinal angle between the Sun and the Moon is an integer multiple of 12°. Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration approximately from 19 to 26 hours.^[2] Every day of a lunar month is called tithi.

Panchanga

A Hindu muhurta (forty-eight minute duration) can be represented in five attributes of Hindu astronomy namely, vara the weekday, tithi, nakshatra the Moon's asterism, yoga the angular relationship between Sun and Moon and karana half of tithi.^[3]

Tithi plays an important role along with nakshatra in Hindus' daily as well as special activities in selecting the muhurta. There are auspicious tithis as well as inauspicious tithis, each considered more propitious for some purposes than for other.^[4]

There are 30 tithis in each lunar month, named as:^[5]

Sl.No	Kr̥ṣṇa pakṣa (dark fortnight)	Śukla pakṣa (bright fortnight)
1	Pratipada	Pratipada
2	Dvitīyā	Dvitīyā
3	Tr̥tīyā	Tr̥tīyā
4	Caturthī	Caturthī
5	Pañcamī	Pañcamī
6	Ṣaṣṭhī	Ṣaṣṭhī
7	Saptamī	Saptamī
8	Aṣṭamī	Aṣṭamī
9	Navamī	Navamī
10	Daśamī	Daśamī
11	Ekādaśī	Ekādaśī
12	Dvādaśī	Dvādaśī
13	Trayodaśī	Trayodaśī
14	Caturdaśī	Caturdaśī
15	Amāvasyā (new moon)	Pūrṇimā (full moon)

References

^ Kapali, Rukshana. "नेपाल संवत् - नेपाल सम्बत" (PDF). Nepal Sambat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
^ Defouw, Hart; Svoboda, Robert (2003). Light on Life: An Introduction to the Astrology of India. Lotus Press. p. 186. ISBN 0-940985-69-1. Shukla paksha -inpublisher:icon.
^ M.D. Scholar, Department of Samhita Siddhant; Gupta, Dr. Rajveer (2018-01-22). "A Decent Science Behind the Brahma Muhurta" (PDF). International Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine. doi:10.18535/ijahm/v7i6.14.
^ Roy, Raja Ram Mohan (2019-07-01). "Sidereal Ecliptic Coordinate System of Sūryasiddhānta". Indian Journal of History of Science. 54 (2). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2019/v54i2/49658. ISSN 0019-5235.
^ Chatterjee, S. K.; Chakravarty, A. K. "Indian Calendar from Post-Vedic Period to AD 1900". In Sen, S. N.; Shukla, K. S. (eds.). History of Astronomy in India (Second Revised ed.). New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy. p. 296.

This Hinduism-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[kapali-1] Kapali, Rukshana. "नेपाल संवत् - नेपाल सम्बत" (PDF). Nepal Sambat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.

[as-2] Defouw, Hart; Svoboda, Robert (2003). Light on Life: An Introduction to the Astrology of India. Lotus Press. p. 186. ISBN 0-940985-69-1. Shukla paksha -inpublisher:icon.

[3] M.D. Scholar, Department of Samhita Siddhant; Gupta, Dr. Rajveer (2018-01-22). "A Decent Science Behind the Brahma Muhurta" (PDF). International Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine. doi:10.18535/ijahm/v7i6.14.

[4] Roy, Raja Ram Mohan (2019-07-01). "Sidereal Ecliptic Coordinate System of Sūryasiddhānta". Indian Journal of History of Science. 54 (2). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2019/v54i2/49658. ISSN 0019-5235.

[5] Chatterjee, S. K.; Chakravarty, A. K. "Indian Calendar from Post-Vedic Period to AD 1900". In Sen, S. N.; Shukla, K. S. (eds.). History of Astronomy in India (Second Revised ed.). New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy. p. 296.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Panchanga

See also

References